Final answer:
Carl Jung emphasized the importance of the collective unconscious in personality functioning, focusing on universal archetypes shared among all humans, and differed from Freud by de-emphasizing sexual drives as the primary motivator of personality.
Step-by-step explanation:
Carl Jung emphasized the importance of the collective unconscious in personality functioning. Unlike Sigmund Freud, who believed that personality was largely shaped by early psychosexual development and the personal unconscious, Jung proposed that there is a second, deeper layer of the unconscious that is shared among all humans. This collective unconscious contains archetypes, which are universal, archaic symbols and images that derive from the collective experience of the human race. These archetypes manifest in cultural expressions such as myths, religions, and even dreams.
Jung's theories diverged from Freud's in several key areas, most notably in de-emphasizing sexual drives as the primary motivator of personality and suggesting that the journey towards self-realization involved integrating the collective unconscious with one's own experience. This aspect of Jung's theory contributes to the broader field of analytical psychology and has influenced various areas of study, including comparative mythology and cultural studies.