Question

________ drug dependence occurs when the user develops a drug tolerance in conjunction with unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when use of the drug is discontinued, whereas ________ drug dependence occurs when the user has a craving or irresistible urge for the drug's pleasurable effects.

Answer 1

Physical drug dependence; Psychological drug dependence

Step-by-step explanation:

Physical dependence is brought about when a tolerance-forming drug is used and as a result of the brain adapting and tolerating the effects of the drugs, an individual will require a constant use of such drugs to sustain the positive effect of the drugs. An attempt to withdraw from using the drug will spring up withdrawal symptoms that make one feel physically sick, which may include having nausea, seizures etc.

In the case of psychological dependence, a withdrawal from the use of the drug would initiate withdrawal symptoms that are emotional rather than physiological. One tends to have the persistent cravings and urge to continue usage. Withdrawal symptoms might include anxiety, anhedonia etc.