Final answer:
The mass of the iceberg is approximately 1.244 x 10^12 kg and the heat transfer needed to melt it is around 4.15 x 10^17 J.
Step-by-step explanation:
To find the mass of the iceberg, we can first calculate its volume by multiplying its length, width, and thickness. So the volume of the iceberg is 154 km x 35.0 km x 250.0 m = 1,357,500 km³ = 1.3575 x 10^9 m³. Since the density of ice is 917 kg/m³, we can now multiply the volume by the density to find the mass. Therefore, the mass of the iceberg is 1.3575 x 10^9 m³ x 917 kg/m³ = 1.244 x 10^12 kg.
To find the amount of heat transfer needed to melt the iceberg, we can use the principle that the heat transfer required to change the state of a substance is given by the equation Q = mL, where Q is the heat transfer, m is the mass of the substance, and L is the latent heat of fusion.
For ice, the latent heat of fusion is 334 kJ/kg, or 334,000 J/kg. So the heat transfer needed to melt the iceberg is Q = (1.244 x 10^12 kg) x (334,000 J/kg) = 4.15 x 10^17 J.