Question

Spot the flaw. There are two types of males in bluegill sunfish. Parental males guard small territories, where they mate with females and take care of the eggs and young. Cuckolder males do not have territories or take care of young. Instead, they sneak in and release sperm when a parental male is spawning with a female, thereby fertilizing a portion of the eggs. A choice experiment was carried out on juvenile sunfish to test whether offspring from the two types of eggs (fertilized by parental male vs. fertilized by cuckolder male) are able to distinguish kin (siblings) from non-kin using odor cues. The researchers used a two-sample method to test the null hypothesis that fish are unable to discriminate between kin and non-kin. This null hypothesis was not rejected for offspring from parental males. However, the same null hypothesis was rejected for offspring from cuckolder males. The researchers concluded that offspring of cuckolder males are more able to discriminate kin from non-kin than are offspring of parental males. What is wrong with this conclusion

Answer 1

The conclusion is apt and correct.

Step-by-step explanation:

The original null hypothesis for a 2-sample t-test is that the two groups are equal.

Its said above that the researcher used a two-sample method to test the null hypothesis.

Objective - to test whether offspring from the two types of eggs (fertilized by parental male vs. fertilized by cuckolder male) are able to distinguish kin (siblings) from non-kin using odor cues.

H° - null hypothesis that fish are unable to discriminate between kin and non-kin.

Action point.

1. H° was accepted for offspring of

parental males.

2. H° was rejected for offspring from cuckolder males

Conclusion:

Offspring of cuckolder males are more able to discriminate kin from non-kin than are offspring of parental males.

The conclusion is apt and correct.

Answer 2

The conclusion that cuckolder are able to discriminate kin from non kin

Step-by-step explanation:

From the above question, researchers carried out tests on the two types of fish (males cuckolder and parental males) to see if they can identify kin and non kin from the offsprings, using a null test.

But the test for cuckolder was rejected by the researchers for the cuckolder so they can't say cuckolder can indentify between kins and non kins, they didn't pass the test so it should be concluded that cuckolder can't identify between kin and non kin, instead of concluding they can identify them, that is the wrong conclusion.