Answer:
the efforts of individuals and a society (and its public policies) that enable it.
Step-by-step explanation:
The BEST way of characterizing what sociologists currently believe about upward social mobility for any individual is that it is the result of the efforts of individuals and a society (and its public policies) that enable it because individual plays vital roles in the society.
Social mobility means to change position from lower to higher position. Example when an individual improve her status in such a way that it affect social class it will lead to social mobility because of the change that occurred.
Effort of individual and society enable Upward mobility due to their change in class from lower economic status to higher economic status.
Education can also provides upward social mobility in the society because an educated individual will be in better social class thereby attaining a higher social status in the society.
Therefore individual and society enable upward mobility to contributes to economic growth both directly and indirectly.