Answer:
Babur
the throne at Farghana, a small principality in Transoxiana in 1494. He was thrown out of his hometown by Uzbeks. He carved out a fresh territory for himself in Kabul in 1504. The unstable political situation in India after Sikandar Lodi’s death and invitations from Daulat Khan Lodi, the governor of Punjab, encouraged Babur to attack India. At the First Battle of Panipat in 1526 Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi, the sultan of Delhi and established Mughal rule in India. He also defeated Rana Sanga of Mewar and the chieftains in and around Delhi and Agra at the Battle of Khanwa in 1527. In 1528 he defeated the Rajputs at Chanderi. All these helped Babur to lay the foundation of an all-India empire.
Akbar
Two major sources which provide information about Akbar’s period are Akbarnama and Ain-i-Akbari written by Abul Fazl, one of the nine jewels (navaratnas) of Akbar’s court. The first volume of Akbarnama dealt with Akbar’s ancestors and the second volume recorded the events of Akbar’s reign. Its concluding portion consists of an account of Akbar’s administration, agrarian system and the empire and is known as Ain-iAkbari. It also provides rich statistical details of crops, yields, prices, wages and revenues. Akbar was only thirteen years old at the time of Humayun’s death. After his coronation in 1556 CE, his tutor Bairam Khan took over as regent. He became the wakil of the kingdom with the title of Khan-i Khanan. He became powerful while ruling in Akbar’s name. One of the major achievements of his regency period was the defeat of Hemu, the wazir of the Sur Dynasty, and the Afghan forces in the Second Battle of Panipat in 1556 who posed a serious threat to the Mughal Empire.