Question

Republican advertisements about Representative Adam Johnson, the Democratic candidate, portray him as lazy, dishonest, and poor at his job. At the same time, the Democratic ads for Adam Johnson describe him as a caring, honest, hard worker. The sponsors of these advertisements know that ads can affect whom voters choose on Election Day. The tendency of decision makers (the voters in this example) to be influenced by how a situation or problem is presented to them is an example of____________.

Answer 1

The correct answer is letter "A": framing bias.

Step-by-step explanation:

The framing bias or framing effect states that the decisions individuals make are based on a set of wordings, settings, and situations arranged within a frame. The variables people can include in their frames are diverse. The frame is considered positive when helps individuals to avoid risk and negative when the frame has an explicit aim to risk.

Answer 2

The correct answer is Framing bias.

Step-by-step explanation:

Apparently, our mind does not simply perceive things, but constructs them actively. Thus, the meaning of facts or objects is not something fixed and objective, but depends on the context. For example, we tend to judge the content of a book by the attractiveness of the cover and the quality of a gift by the luxury of the packaging.

This phenomenon is known as framing, and the first to talk about it were the Nobel Prize in Economics Daniel Kahneman and his colleague Tversky. These two psychologists discovered that people make different decisions based on how they are presented with the problem, especially when they have to make a decision whose outcome is uncertain, that is, when the situation involves a risk.