Answer:
d. New laws affecting the economy
Step-by-step explanation:
In the context of a political dimension, new laws affecting the economy is the external force of change.
The new laws affecting the economy are aggregation or the laws that a government or state stipulates for a particular state.
These laws often have direct impact on the economy.
For instance the increase in value added tax will always take a direct toll on the economy of any country.
These laws can have a positive or negative effect, but the effects are always an external force of change.