Question

The professionalization of the study of history in the second half of the nineteenth century, including history's transformation from a literary genre to a scientific discipline, had important consequences not only for historians' perceptions of women but also for women as historians. The disappearance of women as objects of historical studies during this period has elements of irony to it. On the one hand, in writing about women, earlier historians had relied not on firsthand sources but rather on secondary sources; the shift to more rigorous research methods required that secondary sources be disregarded. On the other hand, the development of archival research and the critical editing of collections of documents began to reveal significant new historical evidence concerning women, yet this evidence was perceived as substantially irrelevant: historians saw political history as the general framework for historical writing. Because women were seen as belonging to the private rather than to the public sphere, the discovery of documents about them, or by them, did not, by itself, produce history acknowledging the contributions of women. In addition, genres such as biography and memoir, those forms of "particular history" that women had traditionally authored, fell into disrepute. The dividing line between "particular history" and general history was redefined in stronger terms, widening the gulf between amateur and professional practices of historical research.(A) describing some effects of the professionalization of the study of history on the writing of women's history

(B) explaining some reasons for the professionalization of the writing of history
(C) discussing the kinds of historical writing traditionally practiced by women
(D) contrasting the approach to the writing of history taken by women with the approach taken by men
(E) criticizing certain changes that occurred in the writing of history during the second half of the nineteenth century

Answer 1

(A) describing some effects of the professionalization of the study of history on the writing of women's history.

Step-by-step explanation:

This is the main purpose of this text. In this text, the author wants to describe how the professionalization of the study of history had a profound effect on the writing of women's history. The author tells us that, as history became more professionalized, historians became more strict when choosing their sources. Women were not included in this assessment of reliable sources, as they were more "private" than "public" citizens. Moreover, men writing on women were ignored because of the mistrust of secondary sources. This led to the near elimination of women from history.