Answer:
Similarities
They both follow strict laws (typically stricter for math).
Practice makes perfect: both can be learned to points of practical perfection.
The brain must first attribute meaning or value to elements of either in order to build a learning pattern.
Differences:
Math is learned under assumptions of perfection (2 + 2 = 4 ALWAYS); whereas, language is learned under assumptions of reality (2 + 2 may be 5 for significantly larger values of 2). In other words, 2 average sized men plus 2 average sized Texans would more likely equal 5 or more average sized men.
Math is logical and language is largely artistic.
There is only one solution (or specific set of solutions) to every math problem. On the other hand, there are at least 100 different ways to express the same idea using language.
Explanation: