Question

Magnesium (used in the manufacture of light alloys) reacts with iron(III) chloride to form magnesium chloride and iron. A mixture of 41.0 g of magnesium and 175.0 g of iron(III) chloride is allowed to react. Identify the limiting reactant and determine the mass of the excess reactant present in the vessel when the reaction is complete.

Answer 1

Answer: The limiting reactant is magnesium and mass of excess reactant present in the vessel is 96.35 grams.

Step-by-step explanation:

To calculate the number of moles, we use the equation:

`\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}` .....(1)

• For magnesium:

Given mass of magnesium = 41.0 g

Molar mass of magnesium = 24 g/mol

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

`\text{Moles of magnesium}=(41.0g)/(24g/mol)=1.708mol`

• For iron(III) chloride:

Given mass of iron(III) chloride = 175.0 g

Molar mass of iron(III) chloride = 162.2 g/mol

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

`\text{Moles of iron(III) chloride}=(175g)/(162.2g/mol)=1.708mol`

The chemical equation for the reaction of magnesium and iron(III) chloride follows:

`3Mg+2FeCl_3\rightarrow 3MgCl_2+2Fe`

By Stoichiometry of the reaction:

3 moles of magnesium reacts with 2 moles of iron(III) chloride

So, 1.708 moles of magnesium will react with =
`(2)/(3)* 1.708=1.114mol` of iron(III) chloride

As, given amount of iron(III) chloride is more than the required amount. So, it is considered as an excess reagent.

Thus, magnesium is considered as a limiting reagent because it limits the formation of product.

Moles of excess reactant left (iron(III) chloride) = [1.708 - 1.114] = 0.594 moles

Now, calculating the mass of iron(III) chloride from equation 1, we get:

Molar mass of iron(III) chloride = 162.2 g/mol

Moles of iron(III) chloride = 0.594 moles

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

`0.594mol=\frac{\text{Mass of iron(III) chloride}}{162.2g/mol}\\\\\text{Mass of iron(III) chloride}=(0.594mol* 162.2g/mol)=96.35g`

Hence, the limiting reactant is magnesium and mass of excess reactant present in the vessel is 96.35 grams.