Question

A small sphere is at rest at the top of a frictionless semicylindrical surface. The sphere is given a slight nudge to the right so that it slides along the surface. Let R = 1.45 ft and let the angle at which the sphere separates from the cylinder be θs = 34°. The sphere was placed in motion at the very top of the cylinder. Determine the sphare;s initial speed.

Answer 1

vi = 4.77 ft/s

Step-by-step explanation:

Given:

- The radius of the surface R = 1.45 ft

- The Angle at which the the sphere leaves

- Initial velocity vi

- Final velocity vf

Find:

Determine the sphere's initial speed.

Solution:

- Newton's second law of motion in centripetal direction is given as:

m*g*cos(θ) - N = m*v^2 / R

Where, m: mass of sphere

g: Gravitational Acceleration

θ: Angle with the vertical

N: Normal contact force.

- The sphere leaves surface at θ = 34°. The Normal contact is N = 0. Then we have:

m*g*cos(θ) - 0 = m*vf^2 / R

g*cos(θ) = vf^2 / R

vf^2 = R*g*cos(θ)

vf^2 = 1.45*32.2*cos(34)

vf^2 = 38.708 ft/s

- Using conservation of energy for initial release point and point where sphere leaves cylinder:

ΔK.E = ΔP.E

0.5*m* ( vf^2 - vi^2 ) = m*g*(R - R*cos(θ))

( vf^2 - vi^2 ) = 2*g*R*( 1 - cos(θ))

vi^2 = vf^2 - 2*g*R*( 1 - cos(θ))

vi^2 = 38.708 - 2*32.2*1.45*(1-cos(34))

vi^2 = 22.744

vi = 4.77 ft/s