Answer:
d. Differentiation
Step-by-step explanation:
Under differentiation strategy, the company differentiates it's products from those of the competitors by the addition of unique attributes which gradually create brand loyalty for such products.
Product differentiation can be accomplished by different packaging, labeling or using different promotional strategies.
Such differentiation may lead to the brand gaining competitive advantage.
In the given case, Armani employs product differentiation strategy for it's products which are targeted at niche category of customers i.e royal customers.