Answer:
B. a circumstance that a programmer chooses to handle outside the code that handles "normal cases"
Step-by-step explanation:
An exception (as distinct from an Exception) is an event, occurs when a program is executed, when an error occurs within a method, this method creates an object, and this object is called an exception, contains information about the error like type and the state of the program when the error occurred, in addition, is called an exceptional event,