Answer: C. Private Action
Explanation: Private actions are act or actions carried out or perpetrated by individuals, corporations or groups without direct consent or order from the government.
In the scenario above, the breakdown of communism crippled the government and the state was overrun by mafians. At that point, the government could no longer uphold or shield property owners. Therefore, the demands made by the mafian from business owners in other to avoid retribution is called private action in the context of property right.