Question

A study concludes that the use of pesticides is associated with the development of​ Parkinson's disease, a neurological disease that causes people to shake. The study reported that exposure to bug killers and weed killers is​ "associated with" an increase of​ 33% to​ 80% in the chances of getting​ Parkinson's. Does this study show that pesticides cause​ Parkinson's disease? Why or why​ not? Select the correct answer below. A. The study does not show that pesticides cause​ Parkinson's disease. The researchers did not administer a placebo along with the low levels of pesticides administered in the study.​ Therefore, a sufficiently robust control group was not established. B. The study does not show that pesticides cause​ Parkinson's disease. This was an observational study because researchers could not have deliberately exposed people to pesticides. Observational studies cannot conclude causation. C. The study shows that pesticides cause​ Parkinson's disease. This was a controlled experiment because the only way to ensure exposure to pesticides is to use low levels of pesticides on the treatment group. Assuming all key features are​ satisfied, controlled experiments can conclude causation. D. The study shows that pesticides cause​ Parkinson's disease. In​ statistics, the term​ "associated with" is synonymous with​ "causes." Therefore, it may be concluded that pesticides cause​ Parkinson's disease.

Answer 1

The answer is C. The study shows that pesticides cause​ Parkinson's disease. This was a controlled experiment because the only way to ensure exposure to pesticides is to use low levels of pesticides on the treatment group. Assuming all key features are​ satisfied, controlled experiments can conclude causation.

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