The Austro-Hungarian Empire fell apart, giving way to countries like Austria, Hungary, the future Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia. In the northwest came Finland, and the Baltic countries, Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia. Poland was reborn as an independent country.
The First World War broke with many of the foundations of the 19th century mental universe, causing the dissolution of traditional artistic styles - denounced as “academic” and “conservative” - to emerge, in addition to a general politicization of the intellectual universe, which would lead to both subversive movements grammatical or pictorial order - also driven by cinema - as well as the great realisms of the 20th century, from Russia to the United States.