Final answer:
In June, New York City would experience longer daylight hours due to the Sun's position north of the celestial equator, while in December, the city would experience shorter daylight hours due to the Sun's position south of the celestial equator.
Step-by-step explanation:
In June, as New York City is located at 40 degrees north latitude, it would experience longer daylight hours. This is because the Sun is north of the celestial equator during this time, resulting in the Northern Hemisphere receiving more direct sunlight. The Sun rises high in the sky and is above the horizon for as long as 15 hours, providing more time for heating. On the other hand, in December, when the Sun is south of the celestial equator, New York City would experience shorter daylight hours, as the Sun is lower in the sky and spends less time above the horizon.