Explanation:
We need to prove or disprove the above statements by exhaustive checking.
In exhaustive checking, when a statement asserts that each of a finite number of things has a certain property, then we might be able to able to prove the statement by checking that each thing has the stated property.
a. There is a prime number between 45 and 54.
* Between 45 and 54, 47 is a prime number.
Hence, the statement is TRUE.
b. The product of any two of the four numbers 2, 3, 4, and 5 is even.
2×3 = 6
2×4 = 8
2×5 = 10
3×4 = 12
3×5 = 15
4×5 = 20
The products: 6, 8, 10, 12, and 20 are even, BUT 15 is odd. Hence,
the statement is FALSE.
c. Every odd integer between 2 and 26 is either prime or the product of two primes.
Odd integers between 2 and 26 are:
3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, and 25.
Prime numbers are: 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23.
Product of Primes: 15 = 3×5, 21 = 7×3, 25 = 5×5
Hence, this statement is TRUE.
d. If d/ab, then d/a or d/b.
If d divides ab, then d divides a or d divides b.
d/ab = d/a × 1/b or d/b × 1/a.
120 divides 5×2
120 divides 10
=> 120 divides (5×2)
=> 120 divides 5 or 120 divides 2.
Hence, the statement is TRUE.
e. If m and n are integers, then (3m + 2)(3n + 2) has the form (3k + 2) for some integer k.
If m = 2, and n = 3
Then
(3m + 2)(3n + 2) = (3×2 + 2)(3×3 + 3)
= (6+2)(9+3) = 8×11 = 88
Notice that in the form (3k + 2),
88 = 3(86/3) + 2
But 86/3 is not an integer.
So, the statement is FALSE
f. The sum of two prime numbers is a prime number.
11, 7, and 5 are all prime numbers,
11+7 = 19 is prime,
but 11+5 = 16 is not a prime. This statement is either TRUE or FALSE.
g. The product of two prime numbers is odd.
2, 3, and 5 are all prime numbers,
3×5 = 15 is an odd number,
but 2×5 = 10 is not an odd number. This statement is either TRUE or FALSE.
h. There is no prime number between 293 and 3
5 is a prime number. This statement is FALSE.