B) Allopatric speciation by Vicariance.
Step-by-step explanation:
- Speciation is the process by which new species arise from an existing species.
- Speciation are broadly classified as; Allopatric speciation, sympatrc speciation speciation and parapatric speciation.
- Allopatric speciation occurs when groups of individual of a given population is separated by a geographical barrier like mountain, river etc.
- Parapatric speciation occurs when group of individuals of same species occupy different niches in the same habitat that result in occurrence of new traits.
- Sympatric speciation occur when individual of a population do not recognize each other as potential mates.
- In the given situation, the antelope ground squirrel were separated by the Grand Canyon which is geographical barrier.
- Again the population was divided by the formation of Grand Canyon and not because the populations migrated to a diverent locations.
- So this example is of Allopatric Speciation by vicariance.