Answer:
d. by Congress in 1816, with the support of President Madison.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Second Bank of the United States was modelled based on Alexander Hamilton's First bank of the United States. It was chartered during the administration of President James Madison,beginning operations in 1817 in its headquarters in Philadelphia and by 1832 it had 25 branches nationwide. It was established to help stabilize national currency through regulation of private banking institutions.