Final answer:
Virtualization allows a single physical computer to support multiple operating systems using a hypervisor. This enables running multiple distinct virtual machines simultaneously, optimizes resources, and provides security through isolation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process whereby a single physical computer can support multiple operating systems is known as virtualization. This technology enables users to run multiple instances of different operating systems simultaneously on a single piece of hardware. Each separate operating environment, or virtual machine, operates as if it were a standalone computer, complete with its own virtual hardware.
Virtualization is possible through the use of software called a hypervisor, which creates and manages the virtual machines. There are two types of hypervisors: Type 1, or bare-metal hypervisors, which run directly on the host's hardware to control the hardware and to manage guest operating systems; and Type 2, or hosted hypervisors, which run on a conventional operating system, just as other computer programs do.
Virtualization provides several benefits, including resource optimization, isolation for security purposes, and the ability to run multiple environments for development, testing, or compatibility reasons. It's a cornerstone of modern IT infrastructure, particularly in data centers and cloud computing.