Answer:
1. MULTIPLE ALLELES: when more than two alternatives for a gene exist
2. DIHYBRID CROSS: the breeding of two organisms that have genes for two different characteristics
3. REPLICATION: separation of DNA's two polynucleotide chains, which act as a template for a new chain
4. CO-DOMINANCE: when both genes are dominant and both are expressed in the phenotype
5. MUTATION: a copying mistake made during DNA replication
Step-by-step explanation:
1. Ideally, Mendel discovered that two forms of a gene existed for a particular trait. However, there are inheritance patterns that does not follow Mendel's inheritance pattern in which more than two alleles are involved in specifying a particular characteristics. An example is INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE, where two parental phenotypes combine to form a third phenotype (intermediate).
2. A cross involving two genes coding for two different characteristics in an organism is known as a DIHYBRID CROSS. For example, Mendel looked at seed shape and seed colour in pea plant.
3. DNA replication is the doubling of the genetic material (DNA) of a cell. It involves separation of the DNA's double-strand to form two single strands with each serving as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand.
4. Co-dominance is another non-mendelian inheritance pattern in which both alleles are expressed in the resulting organism. Neither alleles are dominant or recessive over the other.
5. MUTATION is any change in the nucleotide sequence of an organism's DNA. It can occur due to a mistake in the copying of DNA during replication or be induced by mutagens (mutation-causing components).