Answer:
The amount of retained earnings on December 31 is $ 28,000.
Step-by-step explanation:
This problem requires us to calculate closing balance of retain earning account. The detail about entries that hit retain earning such as net income and dividend is given in the question. We can calculate closing retain earning using following equation.
opening balance + net income = dividend + closing balance
closing balance = 23,000 + (72,000-56,000) - 11,000
closing balance = $ 28,000