Question

The difference between a caliph and a sultan in Islamic history

is that
caliphs were military leaders, sultans were administrative
leaders
caliphs were hereditary rulers, sultans were chosen by
followers
caliphs were religious leaders of Islam: sultans were political
leaders
caliphs were Sunni rulers; sultans were Shiite rulers

Answer 1

The right answer is:

Caliphs were religious leaders of Islam and sultans were political

leaders.

Step-by-step explanation:

The first Islamic rulers of the first times following the death of Muhammad were called caliphs. They were both rulers and leaders of the umma , or the community of faithful. For example, we have the Bagdad caliphs.

Sultan is a later term, used to refer to the Turkish imperial rulers, for example. A sultan is a ruler, a political leader, but he isn´t the top religious leader of his country. His functions are political , military and administrative.