Adviser corrects Alex when he attempted to conclude that good grades raise confidence levels because Alex's data show only the association, they do not determine the causal relationship between confidence and grade point average.
Step-by-step explanation:
Self-confidence means trusting one’s own ability and quality. Self-confidence is how the individual feel about his own ability and it can vary from situation to situation.
The grade point average commonly known as GPA denotes the achievement or grade of a student in specific activity. GPA is the representation of the average value of the accumulated final grades scored in courses over time. The GPA is calculated by adding all the accumulated final grades and dividing the result by number of grades awarded.