Question

The transfer of genetic information flows from DNA to protein synthesis in a complex process that involves many different types of biomolecules. Which of the following statements about this process are true? 1) Transcription is the process of transferring information from RNA to protein synthesis. 2) DNA utilizes tRNA to control the amino acid sequence of proteins. 3) mRNA catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, linking amino acids together to form proteins. 4) Replication is the process of preparing mRNA from template DNA.

Answer 1

Answer: The following statements are true:

2) DNA utilizes tRNA to control the amino acid sequence of proteins.

3) mRNA catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, linking amino acids together to form proteins.

Explanation: mRna carries the information from DNA in the form of codon, each three nucleotide form a codon for one specific amino acids. When mRna binds to ribosomal subunit, translation (protein synthesis) starts.

tRNA carries the anticodon that are complemented to mRna codons and they carry these anticodons to ribosome where translation process occurs, thus, tRNA will help in the protein synthesis by binding that specific amino acid to growing polypeptide.

Answer 2

. 2) DNA utilizes tRNA to control the amino acid sequence of proteins.

3) mRNA catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, linking amino acids together to form proteins.

Step-by-step explanation:

The formation of peptide bonds of polypeptide chains to form protein is by enzyme peptidyl transferase. This enzyme is located in the large ribosome sub-units;(ribosomes is made up of large and small sub units),and it made up of RNA.

Thus option 3 that mRNA catalyze the peptide bond for linking amino acids together is correct. The process of mRNA catalysis takes place in the cytoplasm.it begins with the alignment of the mRNA bases(condons) on the ribosomes sub-units, and corresponding alignment of the tRNA, in such a way that the anticodon at its head bonded by hydrogen bonds with the codon on the mRNA. The codon-anticodon bonding continues based on the type of protein attached to the head of the tRNA and and the corresponding condon and anticodon bonding .

The amino acids are joined together by peptide bonds. This extends with each additional amino acids to form polypeptide chains of amino acids The reactions is catalyzed by the (RNA contained peptidyl transferase above).

The main objective of DNA in gene expression is to produce required proteins needed for cellular reactions. Therefore for correct delivery of the DNA coded messages transcribed in the mRNA it must utilize tRNA so that correct protein sequence are positioned by tRNA as anti codons to bond with codons on the mRNA. This regulation is control at the transcription level coordinated by the DNA, under the influence of an enzyme.Therefore the option 2 that DNA utilizes tRNA to control the amino acid sequence of proteins is correct.

NOTE

Option 1,is wrong because transcription is the process of transfering coded information from DNA to mRNA, not as quoted in the question

Option 4. is wrong because the process of producing new DNA replica from original DNA molecule is called Replication, not as quoted,