Your questions are based on this excerpt below.
The President of the United States...hereby is authorized, whenever in his opinion any reservation or any part thereof...is advantageous for agricultural and grazing purposes...to allot the lands in said reservation in severalty to any Indian located thereon in quantities as follows:
To each head of family, one-quarter of a section;
To each single person over eighteen years of age, one eighth of a section;
To each single orphan child under eighteen years of age, one eighth of a section...
Every Indian born within the territorial limits of the United States to whom allotments shall have been made...who has voluntarily taken up, within said limits his residence separate and apart from any tribe of Indians therein, and has adopted that habits of civilized life, is hereby declared a citizen of the United States."
Answer:
1. (d). end tribal identities
2. (a). post-Civil War migrations of whites.
Step-by-step explanation:
1. The President of the United States is saddled with the responsibility to end tribal identities that may cause disarray between the indigene and every Indian born within the territorial limits of the United States by providing land for agricultural and grazing purposes.
2. During the late 19th century, western Native American life was heavily affected post-Civil War migrations of whites where some left for farming practices and other went for other big cities such as New York, Philadelphia e.t.c.