Question

Do grumpy old men have a greater risk of having coronary heart disease than men who aren’t so grumpy? Harvard Medical School researchers examined this question in a prospective observational study reported in the November 1994 issue of Circulation (Kawachi et al., 1994). For 7 years, the researchers studied men between the ages of 46 and 90. All study participants completed a survey of anger symptoms at the beginning of the study period. Among 199 men who had no anger symptoms, there were 8 cases of coronary

Answer 1

559 - 59 = 500

HEART DISEASE

GRUMPY YES NO TOTAL

YES 59 500 559

NO 8 191 199

TOTAL 67 691 758

Based on this graph, it is possible to see that there is a relationship between anger and heart disease, because anger, impatience can cause premature heart attack. Young people with a high level of stress are three times more likely to develop heart disease.