a. Organisms have to make ATP.
b. Organisms have to perpetually keep themselves out of equilibrium with the environment.
c. Organisms have to maintain equilibrium with their environment.
d. Organisms have to increase their entropy.
e. Organisms grow and reproduce.
Answer:
b. Organisms have to perpetually keep themselves out of equilibrium with the environment.
Step-by-step explanation:
Organisms maintain the internal conditions within a narrow range. This is called homeostasis. During the process, various internal variables such as pH, temperature, sugar levels, etc. are maintained within the permissible normal values. These values mostly differ from that of the external environment. This is because living beings tend to stay away from equilibrium with the environment.
If two systems are in equilibrium, they cannot perform functions or work. To perform various functions such as the exchange of energy with surroundings, living beings tend to be out of the equilibrium state with their external environment.