Question

Sunlight exposure has stronger effect on skin cancer risk in fair-skinned humans than in individuals with darker skin. This is an example of:

a. Differences in the norm of reaction.
b. Pleiotropy.
c. Epistasis.
d. All of these choices are correct. genotype-by-environment interaction.

Answer 1

Exposure to UV radiation causes skin cancer, and fair-skinned individuals are more susceptible due to the amount of melanin present in their skin. Melanin acts as a natural protection against UV radiation.

Step-by-step explanation:

Exposure to UV radiation causes about 90% of all skin cancer cases. The connection between skin cancer and UV light is so strong that the World Health Organization has classified UV radiation as a Group 1 carcinogen. UV radiation has a stronger effect on skin cancer risk in fair-skinned individuals compared to those with darker skin due to the amount of melanin present in the skin. Melanin acts as a natural protection against harmful UV radiation, and fair-skinned individuals have less melanin, making them more susceptible to skin cancer.

Answer 2

Answer: Option D.

Genotype by environment interaction.

Step-by-step explanation:

Genotype by environment interaction refer to a situation where two different genotypes react differently in an environment. Light skinned humans are at greater risk of skin cancer because they lack melanin which the dark people have and this melanin protect the skin from sun.

All the choices are correct. Differences in the norm of reaction I.e they react different way.

Epistasis is when the effect of a gene suppress the other.

Pleiotrophy is when a gene influence another genes phenotipically. These are all genotype enviromr interaction.