a) Casting and d) molding
For the first case, casting can be defined as the process of manufacturing parts, commonly metallic but also plastic, consisting of melting a material and introducing it into a cavity (emptying, molding), called a mold, where it solidifies.
In the second case, molding is the manufacturing process by molding liquid or flexible raw material using a matrix. This mold is nothing more than a hollow model that is filled with liquid material such as plastic, glass, metal or any ceramic raw material that will subsequently harden.