Answer:
Tort law
Step-by-step explanation:
A tort is simple terms can be explained as the wrongful act committed by a person or a party which causes damages and injuries to the other party. In such cases, the civil law states that the victim may demand for recovery of the damages from the party which caused the damaged by lawful means.
The person who is the victim and have suffered the damages is known as the claimant or plaintiff, while the person or party who caused the damages is called as the defendant. And the law suit filed is called as the tort action.
In the context, Mary is the plaintiff while Ted is the defendant as Ted hit Mary's mini van from rear end and caused heavy damaged to the mini van of Mary. Thus Mary in order to recover compensation for the damages will file a tort action based on the tort law against Ted.
Hence the answer is -- Tort law.