Final answer:
Russia and other European powers were allied against Napoleon in 1812. The geographic factors that helped these states remain independent from Napoleon's control included the vast size of Russia, its distance from France, and its military strength.
Step-by-step explanation:
The states that were allied against Napoleon in 1812 were primarily Russia and some other European powers. The geographic factors that helped these states remain independent from Napoleon's control included the vast size of Russia, its distance from France, and its military strength.
Russia's large land area made it difficult for Napoleon to effectively conquer and control the entire country. Additionally, the harsh Russian winters and the scorched earth policy implemented by the Russians played a significant role in weakening Napoleon's forces and ultimately leading to his retreat.