Answer:
a Doppler shifts in stellar spectra of nearby star.
Step-by-step explanation:
Doppler effect it was discover centuries after Galileo and Kepler. It was proposed by the scientist Christian Andreas Doppler in 1840´s and around that years others scientist started to do some experiments to find the same effect.
Also Galileo could observe the moons of Jupiter thanks to a telescope that he built. At the begging, he thought it was some other stars near the planet. He named them as Medician planets, in honor to the Medici family because there were four.
Both Kepler and Galileo always made drawings of the sky, that means that any changes like parallax stars or the movement of an extrasolar system like meteorites.
Hope this info is useful.