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How do political parties solve their collective action problems?.

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There are three major types of solutions to collective action problems:

Government regulation: A government can declare it against the law to act selfishly and require individuals to cooperate.
Private ownership: If someone owns a resource, then he or she can restrict access to it. Furthermore, it will be in his or her interest to prevent the resource from collapsing.
Community self-organization: Groups of individuals can work together to foster cooperation.
Historically
User Joel Kennedy
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