Final answer:
The influence of pragmatism on Dewey's views on education is seen in option a) - the idea that students must interact with their environment in order to adapt and learn.
Step-by-step explanation:
Pragmatism, a philosophical tradition that influenced John Dewey's views on education, can be seen in several ways. One key element of pragmatism is the idea that students must interact with their environment in order to adapt and learn. This aligns with Dewey's belief that education should be experiential and hands-on, allowing students to actively engage with their surroundings.
Dewey believed in experiential learning, emphasizing hands-on experiences and active engagement with the environment as essential for meaningful and effective education. Additionally, pragmatism emphasizes the practical application of ideas by testing them in human experiences, which also relates to Dewey's focus on education as a tool for reform and improvement in American society.