Final answer:
The required deduction from the list is FICA, which funds Social Security and Medicare, essential programs for retirees, the disabled, and children. Other deductions like health and disability insurance are not mandatory for everyone.
Step-by-step explanation:
The required deduction from the options given is FICA. FICA stands for the Federal Insurance Contributions Act. This deduction is mandatory and it contributes to Social Security and Medicare, which are programs that provide benefits to retirees, the disabled, and children. These programs are critical to the financial wellbeing of many Americans, providing income and healthcare benefits to eligible individuals. On the other hand, health insurance, Medicaid, and disability insurance deductions may vary depending on an individual's situation and are not necessarily required deductions from everyone's paycheck.