Answer:
Humanism
Step-by-step explanation:
The underlying principles of the philosophy of the humanism lies in the breakdown of the old tradition through reviewing the classical texts in which pagan secularism dominates the idea of personal independence and individual expression over the conservative belief and blind faith. Humanism philosophy is rooted in the 13 century of Italian states where the value of human beings was based on empirical understanding of critical thinking instead of social dogmas.