Answer:
C. Even unsuccessful manipulations are guilty of ethical wrong.
Step-by-step explanation:
This is most likely what a strong believer of the principle-based ethical tradition would support. Such a person would most likely believe that an act is wrong or right based on the principles that a person adheres to and which guide his actions. Under this assumption, manipulation is wrong by principle, which means that it would be considered a wrong act regardless of whether it succeeds or not.