Answer:
negotiation.
Step-by-step explanation:
A qualified endorsement passes title to a negotiable instrument, e.g. without recourse which means that the endorser assumes the risk of non-payment and takes full responsibility for it.
In order to be valid, a special qualified endorsement must include the name of the endorsee, the signature, and specifically the words "without recourse". A valid special qualified endorsement makes the instrument an order instrument, which means that it is payable to the payee or anyone else that the payee entitles.