Answer:
B). Claim and Counterargument.
Step-by-step explanation:
An argument is defined as the key statement around which an entire literary paper or essay is surrounded and attempts to convince the readers to believe in it with logic and sufficient evidence. An effective argument consists of a variety of significant elements but as per the question, the two most basic and important elements of an argument would be a 'claim and counterclaim'.
The claim functions to emphasize a specific idea or point and its validity before the readers and the counterclaim however attempt to negate or deny the key statement(central claim) that is further denied through evidence in support of the actual argument. Including counterclaim is significant as it reflects the objective approach and enhances the credibility of the work as it mirrors that the speaker/author is aware of multiple dimensions/perspectives of the claim. Therefore, option B is the correct answer.