Final answer:
The remaining Taíno and Arawak people primarily live in the Caribbean, with significant populations in the Dominican Republic and Haiti. Their population has been greatly reduced due to the effects of European colonization, and much of their cultural heritage has been lost or destroyed.
Step-by-step explanation:
The majority of people with Taíno and Arawak heritage today live in the Caribbean, specifically in countries like the Dominican Republic and Haiti. These indigenous peoples historically inhabited the island of Hispaniola and other parts of the Caribbean basin. Due to the consequences of European colonialism, such as warfare, disease, and enslavement, the Taíno and Arawak populations were decimated. Today, only a small number claim Amerindian heritage, with some arguing that these individuals are not indigenous but rather descendants of slaves brought from South America by European colonialists.