Answer:
Microprocessor
Step-by-step explanation:
A microprocessor is an integrated circuit (IC) which integrates core functions of a central processing unit. It is a programmable silicon chip, having several functions. It accepts binary data as input, processes this data according to the instructions stored in the memory and gives output after processing it. Microprocessor is comprised of an Arithmetic Logic Unit, Register Array, and a Control Unit. ALU performs arithmetical and logical operations on the data obtained from input device. Register array is comprised of registers like accumulator. They are temporary access memory locations to process data faster. The control unit controls the flow of data and instructions throughout the computer.
The instructions are stored sequentially in the memory. Microprocessor fetches those instructions, decodes and executes those instructions. This process ends when the microprocessor reaches Stop instruction. Then the microprocessor sends the result in binary to the output port. Throughout this process the ALU performs arithmetic operations and registers act as temporary storage location for processing data.
Microprocessor is available at low price, its is portable, consumes less power, small in size, can work at very high speed, generate less heat, failure rate is less which makes it reliable and same chip can be utilized by various application which makes it versatile.