Answer:
c. includes retained earnings and paid-in capital.
Step-by-step explanation:
Stockholders' equity -
It refers to the amount of assets left in the business after the settlement of the liabilities , is known as stockholders equity.
The total assets minus total liabilities , gives the value of Stockholders' equity.
Hence, from the given information of the question,
The correct option is c. includes retained earnings and paid-in capital .