Answer:
Ozone
Step-by-step explanation:
Ozone is a secondary photochemical contaminant, that is, it is formed from primary pollutants emitted into the atmosphere (mainly nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds) in the presence of solar radiation.
The photochemical formation of ozone in a given region is the result of a complex chemical process in which, from its precursors (nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds), a multiplicity of different species intervene, interacting with each other according to different reactions, resulting in a highly nonlinear final balance. A transcendental consequence of this nonlinear chemistry is that in a given region, and depending on the initial conditions of departure, the action on the different precursors can have very variable consequences, it being possible that it leads both to an increase and a decrease of ozone concentrations.
This makes short-term measures to reduce air pollution in a certain area, of a restrictive type (such as limiting the operation of heat generators, restricting the circulation of vehicles, regulating traffic to make it more fluid, restricting certain industries and activities) they are not as effective with ozone as with other types of pollutants, as they are a secondary type pollutant and may even in some cases produce a counterproductive effect: for example a drastic reduction in traffic, causing a decrease in NOx levels in the atmosphere, can prevent the decrease of ozone levels that had previously formed.
In the fight against ozone it is necessary to apply medium and long-term measures aimed at limiting emissions of ozone precursor pollutants into the atmosphere.
They do not serve short term strategies. Medium-long term strategies for the reduction of ozone precursors must be devised:
- Less polluting vehicles (NOx, VOCs)
- Use of public transport (NOx, VOCs)
- Energy saving (NOx)
- Use of non-polluting energies (NOx)
- Reduction of solvent use (VOCs).