Final answer:
To express a population in equilibrium, use B = D. For a declining population, use B < D. For an increasing population, use B > D.
Step-by-step explanation:
To express a population in equilibrium, we can use the equation: birth rate (B) = death rate (D). This means that the number of births is equal to the number of deaths, resulting in a stable population size.
To express a declining population, we can use the equation: birth rate (B) < death rate (D). This means that the number of deaths is greater than the number of births, leading to a decrease in population size.
To express an increasing population, we can use the equation: birth rate (B) > death rate (D). This means that the number of births is greater than the number of deaths, resulting in a growth in population size.