Final answer:
Protectionism includes tariffs, import quotas, and nontariff barriers, which governments use to shield domestic industries from foreign competition, potentially increasing costs for consumers but benefiting local producers.
Step-by-step explanation:
The forms of protectionism utilized by governments include tariffs, import quotas, and nontariff barriers. Tariffs are taxes imposed on imported goods, which raise the price of these goods, making them less competitive with domestic products. Import quotas are limits on the quantity of goods that can be imported, thus restricting supply and often increasing domestic prices. Lastly, nontariff barriers encompass a variety of restrictive regulations such as subsidies to domestic industries, import licensing requirements, and standards for quality that can limit foreign goods' market access.
When a government enacts these forms of protectionism, it is attempting to shield its own economic actors from global competition. This usually results in domestic consumers paying more for certain goods, while domestic producers benefit from reduced foreign competition.