Question

an organism is heterozygous at two genetic loci on different chromosomes explain how these alleles are transmitted by process of mitosis to daughter cells

Answer 1

An organism heterozygous at two genetic loci on different chromosomes will have its alleles copied exactly during mitosis, ensuring each daughter cell receives the same genetic information as the parent cell, maintaining genetic diversity in the organism's somatic cells.

Step-by-step explanation:

An organism that is heterozygous at two genetic loci on different chromosomes means that it has different alleles (versions of a gene) for each trait it inherited from its parents. In the process of mitosis, these alleles are transmitted to daughter cells in a way that each daughter cell receives an exact copy of the genetic material contained in the parent cell.

During the S phase of interphase, prior to mitosis, the DNA of the organism is replicated, which includes the duplication of chromosomes that carry these different alleles. Since the chromosomes are on different pairs and are not linked, they segregate independently during mitosis. As a result, when cytokinesis happens, the two resulting daughter cells each receive the same pair of alleles as was present in the parent cell, with one allele of each pair coming from the mother and one from the father.

Thus, mitosis ensures that as the organism grows or replaces cells, the genetic diversity provided by the heterozygous condition at two loci is maintained in the somatic cells of the body.

Answer 2

Replication is seen at the interphase/S phase of cell cycle to produce 2 identical chromatids.

Prophase: nuclear envelope is not visible; mitotic spindle develops; chromatin fibers are farther tightly coiled, producing discrete chromosomes which can be seen with the aid of a light microscope.

During metaphase, chromosomes moves to the center of the cell; unpaired chromosomes adhere at spindle fibers (microtubules) individually;

During anaphase, the spindle fibers begin to shorten and separation of chromatids occurs; via cytokinesis, a cleavage furrow or cell plate may lead to compartmentalization to form 2 genetically identical daughter cells;

The daughter nucleus of each has all alleles still available in each.