The factors that can explain the onset and the continuation of criminality are : Situational.
Answer: Option D.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the developmental theory, there are some kind of factors that tell the reasons that why did the crime start and what were the reasons that the crime continued like personal reasons, situational reasons, social reasons and the cognitive reasons.
The factors that explain the onset and the continuation of the criminality under the criminal opportunity and the apprehension risk are the situational factors which means that there are situations because of which the criminals enter into crime.